Congo Begins Mpox Vaccination Drives To Slow Down Outbreak

The 265,000 doses donated to Congo by the European Union and the US were rolled out in the eastern city of Goma in North Kivu province, where hospitals and health workers have been overstretched, struggling to contain the new and possibly more infectious strain of mpox.

Congo, with about 30,000 suspected mpox cases and 859 deaths, accounts for more than 80 per cent of all the cases and 99 per cent of all the deaths reported in Africa this year. All of the Central African nation's 26 provinces have recorded mpox cases.

Although most mpox infections and deaths recorded in Congo are in children under age 15, the doses being administered are only meant for adults and will be given to at-risk populations and front-line workers, Health Minister Roger Kamba said this week.

"Strategies have been put in place by the services in order to vaccinate all targeted personnel," Muboyayi Chikayai, the minister's chief of staff, said as he kicked off the vaccination.

At least 3 million (30 lakh) doses of the vaccine approved for use in children are expected from Japan in the coming days, Kamba said.

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, had been spreading mostly undetected for years in Africa before the disease prompted the 2022 global outbreak that saw wealthy countries quickly respond with vaccines from their stockpiles while Africa received only a few doses despite pleas from its governments.

However, unlike the global outbreak in 2022 that was overwhelmingly focused in gay and bisexual men, mpox in Africa is now being spread via sexual transmission as well as through close contact among children, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups, Dr Dimie Ogoina, the chair of the WHO's mpox emergency committee, recently told reporters.

More than 34,000 suspected cases and 866 deaths from the virus have been recorded across 16 countries in Africa this year. That is a 200-per cent increase compared to the same period last year, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.

But access to vaccines remains a challenge.

The continent of 1.4 billion (140 crore) people has only secured commitment for 5.9 million (59 lakh) doses of mpox vaccines, expected to be available from October through December, Dr Jean Kaseya, head of the Africa CDC, told reporters last week. Congo remains a priority, he said.

At the vaccination drive in Goma, Dr Jean Bruno Ngenze, the WHO representative in the province, warned that North Kivu is at a risk of a major outbreak due to the "promiscuity observed in the camps" for displaced people, as one of the world's biggest humanitarian crisis caused by armed violence unfolds there.

The news of the vaccination programme brought relief among many in Congo, especially in hospitals that had been struggling to manage the outbreak.

"If everyone could be vaccinated, it would be even better to stop the spread of the disease," said Dr Musole Mulambamunva Robert, the medical director of Kavumu Hospital, one of the mpox treatment centres in eastern Congo.

Eastern Congo has been beset by conflict for years, with more than 100 armed groups vying for a foothold in the mineral-rich area near the border with Rwanda. Some have been accused of carrying out mass killings.